Hydrogen derivatives

Hydrogen is an important energy carrier that is used in many areas. Hydrogen has an excellent gravimetric energy density but it possesses a very low volumetric energy density of approximately 3 Wh/L at ambient conditions (temperature and pressure of 20 C and 1 atm, respectively). Storage technologies are necessary to increase the energy density. There are various ways to store and transport hydrogen. The choice of transport method depends on various factors, such as the amount of hydrogen to be transported, the distance between locations and the cost of transport.

Converting hydrogen into derivatives can significantly increase its value. The increased energy density of hydrogen-derived products facilitates more economical transportation across longer distances. This effectively connects low-cost renewable energy regions with demand centers that have limited renewable potential or face high renewable energy costs.

• Ammonia
  Hydrogen is combined with nitrogen to form ammonia, which can then be transported as a liquid fuel or used in chemical processes
• Methanol
  Hydrogen is combined with carbon monoxide to form methanol, which can then be transported as a liquid fuel or used in chemical processes
• Methane
  Hydrogen is combined with carbon dioxide to form methane, which can then be transported as liquid or gas, using the existing natural gas infrastructure